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Iqra 6 — Tajweed Rules
Perfect your recitation with idgham, iqlab, ikhfa, ghunnah, and fluent reading of Quranic verses.
Lesson 1: Idgham (إدغام) — Assimilation
When nun sakinah (نْ) or tanwin meets one of the letters ي م و ن ر ل, the nun assimilates into the next letter (with ghunnah except for ل and ر).ي ر م ل و ن
مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ
mir rabbihim
وَجَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي
wa jannātin tajrī
لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ
laylatul qadr
مِنْ وَلِيٍّ
miw waliyyin
خَيْرًا مِّنْهُ
khayram minhu
مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ
min ni'matin
فَاسْعَوْا إِلَىٰ
fas'aw ilā (idgham mutajanisain)
إِنْ يَقُولُونَ
in yaqulūna
Lesson 2: Iqlab (إقلاب) — Conversion
When nun sakinah (نْ) or tanwin meets the letter ب (ba), the nun converts (iqlab) into a hidden meem (م) sound with ghunnah.
مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ
mim ba'dihim
نْ or tanwin → م sound
خُلِقَ مِنْ بَحْمَةٍ
khuliqa min bahmatin
نْ or tanwin → م sound
سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ
samī'um basīrun
نْ or tanwin → م sound
عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ
alīmun bidzāti
نْ or tanwin → م sound
Lesson 3: Ikhfa (إخفاء) — Hidden
When nun sakinah (نْ) or tanwin meets any of the 15 ikhfa letters, the nun is pronounced hidden — between clear and assimilated — with ghunnah.ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ف ق ك
مِنْ تَحْتِهَا
min tahtihā
أَنْذَرْتَهُمْ
andzartahum
عَنْ صَلَاتِهِمْ
an shalātihim
مِنْ قَبْلُ
min qablu
أَنْفُسَهُمْ
anfusahum
مِنْ شَيْءٍ
min syay'in
Lesson 4: Ghunnah (غُنَّة) — Nasalization
Ghunnah is the nasal sound from the nose produced when pronouncing a shadda-d meem (مّ) or noon (نّ). Ghunnah lasts 2 counts.
إِنَّ
in-na (ghunnah)
أَمَّنْ
am-man (ghunnah)
ثُمَّ
tsum-ma (ghunnah)
عَنَّا
an-nā (ghunnah)
مِمَّا
mim-mā (ghunnah)
يَمُنُّ
yamunnu (ghunnah)
وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ
walaḍ ḍāllīn (lam tasydid)
أَنْعَمْتَ
an-amta (ikhfa)
Lesson 5: Full Verse Recitation
Apply all the above rules in short Quranic verses.
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Verse 1 — Basmalah
Lam qamariyah (الرَّحْمٰن & الرَّحِيم), basic mad, lam jalalah thin & thick
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱتَّقُوا۟ رَبَّكُمُ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَكُم
Short verse — various rules
Mad wajib munfasil, basic mad, tasydid, lam syamsiyah (النَّاسُ), qamariyah (ٱلَّذِى)
قُلْ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ
Surah Al-Ikhlas verse 1
Qalqalah (قُلْ), thick lam jalalah, tanwin meets hamzah — izhar halqi
لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ
Verse 3
Sukun, basic mad (يُولَدْ), small qalqalah on د